The Ligurian alphabet has 5 basic vowel letters [1]: a, e, i, o, u. Ligurian vowels are pure sounds and are pronounced consistently, making Ligurian pronunciation relatively straightforward.
Ligurian uses 7 accented vowel letters [1]: à, è, é, ì, ò, ó, ù (and their uppercase forms). These accents indicate stress and help distinguish words with different meanings. The grave accent (`) is most common.
Ligurian uses double consonants (consonanti doppie) which significantly affect pronunciation and meaning. Examples include bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, ll, mm, nn, pp, rr, ss, tt.
The difference between single and double consonants can change word meanings entirely.
Ligurian uses digraphs (two-letter combinations) that represent single sounds: ch (sounds like "k"), gh (hard "g"), gl (palatalised "l"), gn (like Spanish "ñ"), and sc (can be "sk" or "sh").
These digraphs are essential for proper Ligurian pronunciation.
Ligurian has 16 native consonant letters. The letters J, K, W, X, Y are used mainly in loan words from other languages.
Ligurian consonants are generally pronounced as written, contributing to the language's phonetic nature.
Ligurian writing uses punctuation marks and symbols including period (.), comma (,), question mark (?), exclamation (!), apostrophe ('), and Ligurian quotation marks (« »). The Euro symbol (€) is also commonly used.
Ligurian punctuation follows similar rules to other Romance languages.
Ligurian uses the standard Arabic numerals 0–9, with Ligurian number names: zero, uno, due, tre, quattro, cinque, sei, sette, otto, nove.
Like many European languages, Ligurian uses a comma (,) as the decimal separator.
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