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Lithuanian Alphabet

Lithuanian Alphabet

Learn Lithuanian Vowels, Consonants and Diacritics

The Lithuanian alphabet consists of 32 letters, with 12 vowels and 20 consonants[1]. Based on the Latin script with distinctive diacritical marks, it represents one of the most archaic Indo-European languages. The vowels include both short and long variants: A, E, I, O, U, Y and their long counterparts Ą, Ę, Į, Ū plus Ė, Ū, while consonants feature letters such as Č, Š, Ž and palatalized forms. These diacritical marks are essential for distinguishing vowel length and palatalization. Lithuanian is the official language of Lithuania and is spoken by approximately 3.2 million people worldwide[3]. Lithuanian is notable for preserving many archaic Indo-European linguistic features.

Lithuanian Vowel Letters

The Lithuanian alphabet includes 12 vowels: 6 short vowels and 6 long vowels that distinguish meaning and grammatical forms in Lithuanian.

Lithuanian Vowels (Uppercase)

A
[A]
Ą
[A]
E
[E]
Ę
[E]
Ė
[E]
I
[I]
Į
[I]
Y
[Y]
O
[O]
U
[U]
Ų
[U]
Ū
[U]

Lithuanian Vowels (Lowercase)

a
[a]
ą
[a]
e
[e]
ę
[e]
ė
[e]
i
[i]
į
[i]
y
[y]
o
[o]
u
[u]
ų
[u]
ū
[u]

Lithuanian Consonant Letters

The Lithuanian alphabet contains 20 consonants, many of which can be palatalized to create soft sounds that are crucial for proper pronunciation.

For example:

In the word "širdis" (heart), the vowels I and I combine with the consonants Š, R, D, and S to form a complete Lithuanian word with distinctive consonant sounds.

Lithuanian Consonants (Uppercase)

B
[B]
C
[C]
Č
[C]
D
[D]
F
[F]
G
[G]
H
[H]
J
[J]
K
[K]
L
[L]
M
[M]
N
[N]
P
[P]
R
[R]
S
[S]
Š
[S]
T
[T]
V
[V]
Z
[Z]
Ž
[Z]

Lithuanian Consonants (Lowercase)

b
[b]
c
[c]
č
[c]
d
[d]
f
[f]
g
[g]
h
[h]
j
[j]
k
[k]
l
[l]
m
[m]
n
[n]
p
[p]
r
[r]
s
[s]
š
[s]
t
[t]
v
[v]
z
[z]
ž
[z]

Complete Lithuanian Alphabet

a
ą
b
c
č
d
e
ę
ė
f
g
h
i
į
y
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
r
s
š
t
u
ų
ū
v
z
ž
A
Ą
B
C
Č
D
E
Ę
Ė
F
G
H
I
Į
Y
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
Š
T
U
Ų
Ū
V
Z
Ž

Long Vowels (Ilgieji balsiai)

Long vowels in Lithuanian are marked with various diacritics and are essential for proper pronunciation and meaning.

Long Vowels (Ilgieji balsiai)

ū
[u]
Ū
[U]
y
[y]
Y
[Y]

Letters with Ogonek (Nosinis)

The ogonek (˛) creates nasal vowel sounds that are distinctive features of Lithuanian.

Letters with Ogonek (Nosinės raidės)

ą
[a]
Ą
[A]
ę
[e]
Ę
[E]
į
[i]
Į
[I]
ų
[u]
Ų
[U]

Letters with Macron (Ilgumas)

The macron (¯) indicates long vowel sounds in Lithuanian.

Letter with Macron (Ilgoji raidė)

ū
[u]
Ū
[U]

Letters with Dot Above (Taškas)

The dot above modifies certain vowel sounds in Lithuanian.

Letter with Dot Above (Taškas viršuje)

ė
[e]
Ė
[E]

Letters with Caron (Paukščiukas)

The caron (ˇ) modifies consonant pronunciation in Lithuanian.

Letters with Caron (Paukščiukas)

č
[c]
Č
[C]
š
[s]
Š
[S]
ž
[z]
Ž
[Z]

Vowel Length Variants

Lithuanian distinguishes between short and long vowels, affecting both pronunciation and meaning.

Vowel Length Variants

a
[a]
ą
[a]
e
[e]
ė
[e]
ę
[e]
i
[i]
į
[i]
y
[y]
o
[o]
u
[u]
ū
[u]
ų
[u]

Lithuanian Numbers

0
1
[1]
2
[2]
3
[3]
4
[4]
5
[5]
6
[6]
7
[7]
8
[8]
9
[9]

Punctuation and Symbols

.
,
;
:
?
!
„
“
«
»
-
–
—
(
)
[
]
{
}
/
\
@
#
€
%

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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References:

Sambhu Raj SinghSambhu Raj Singh · LinkedIn · GitHub · Npm

Updated:

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