Gujarati Alphabet at a Glance

  • Gujarati is spoken by approximately 55–60 million native speakers, making it one of the 25 most spoken languages in the world. It is the official language of Gujarat state and a scheduled language of India [1]
  • Written in the Gujarati script, an abugida derived from Devanagari, written left to right. The script has 34 consonants and 13 independent vowels. Each consonant carries an inherent short vowel modified by matras (vowel signs) [2]
  • Gujarati belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of Indo-European languages, closely related to Hindi, Marathi, Sindhi, and Rajasthani. It descends from Old Gujarati (Apabhramsha), the medieval predecessor also ancestral to Rajasthani [3]
  • The Gujarati Barakhadi (ગુજરાતી બારાખડી) — the syllable chart showing all 34 consonants combined with 13 vowel forms — produces 442 unique syllables. Mastery of the Barakhadi is the traditional foundation of Gujarati literacy
  • Gujarati has a distinctive feature not found in Devanagari: the retroflex lateral consonant ળ (lla) — used in native Gujarati words. The script also lacks the top horizontal bar (shirorekha) present in Devanagari and Bengali scripts
  • Gujarati has significant diaspora communities worldwide, particularly in the United Kingdom (where it is the fourth most spoken language in London), the United States, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and South Africa
  • Notable Gujarati speakers include Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. Gujarati is also the native language of the Parsi (Zoroastrian) community of India

Gujarati (ગુજરાતી; ISO 639-3: guj) is an Indo-Aryan language with approximately 55–60 million speakers in Gujarat, India, and worldwide diaspora communities. [1] It is written in Gujarati script — a left-to-right abugida of 34 consonants, derived from Devanagari but lacking the top horizontal bar. [2]

Gujarati belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of Indo-European, closely related to Hindi and Marathi. [3] A key feature is the Barakhadi (ગુજરાતી બારાખડી): the syllable chart combining 34 consonants with 13 vowel forms to produce 442 syllables — the foundation of Gujarati literacy.

Gujarati Consonant Letters (વ્યંજન)

The Gujarati alphabet has 34 consonants (વ્યંજન) arranged in five phonetic groups (vargas) by place of articulation — velars, palatals, retroflexes, dentals, and labials — plus semivowels and sibilants. Each consonant carries an inherent /a/ vowel. Notably, Gujarati includes ળ (retroflex lateral), absent in Hindi Devanagari.

Each consonant can be combined with any of the 13 vowel matras to form syllables, displayed in the Barakhadi chart below. The Gujarati consonants occupy Unicode U+0A95–U+0AB9.

Consonants:

[k]
[kh]
[g]
[gh]
[ng]
[ch]
[chh]
[j]
[jh]
[ny]
[t]
[th]
[d]
[dh]
[n]
[t]
[th]
[d]
[dh]
[n]
[p]
[ph]
[b]
[bh]
[m]
[y]
[r]
[l]
[ll]
[v]
[sh]
[ssh]
[s]
[h]

Gujarati Independent Vowels (સ્વર)

Gujarati has 13 independent vowel letters (સ્વર) used at the beginning of words or syllables: અ, આ, ઇ, ઈ, ઉ, ઊ, ઋ, એ, ઐ, ઓ, ઔ, plus the anusvara (ં) and visarga (ઃ) forms. When a vowel follows a consonant, its independent form is replaced by a smaller vowel sign (matra).

The vowel અ (a) is special: it is the inherent vowel of every consonant and has no independent matra form. The Gujarati vowels occupy Unicode U+0A85–U+0A8D and U+0A8F–U+0A93.

Independent Vowels:

[a]
[aa]
[i]
[ee]
[u]
[oo]
[ri]
[e]
[ai]
[o]
[au]
અં
[an]
અઃ
[ah]

Gujarati Vowel Signs (માત્રા)

Gujarati uses 12 vowel signs (matras, માત્રા) — diacritical marks attached to consonants to indicate which vowel follows. Each matra modifies the inherent /a/ sound of a consonant, producing a different syllable.

The i-matra (િ) is unique: it is written before the consonant it modifies, even though the sound comes after. The anusvara (ં) and visarga (ઃ) are also included as essential diacritical marks in Gujarati writing.

Vowel Signs (Matras):

[aa]
િ
[i]
[ee]
[u]
[oo]
[ri]
[e]
[ai]
[o]
[au]
[n]
[h]

Gujarati Digits (૦–૯)

Gujarati uses Gujarati numerals (૦–૯) in formal and traditional contexts. These digits occupy Unicode U+0AE6–U+0AEF. They are part of the ancient Indian numeral tradition, closely related to Devanagari digits.

In everyday and informal use, Gujarati speakers also widely use the common Arabic-Indic numerals (0–9). Both digit sets are considered standard in Gujarati writing, with Gujarati numerals preferred in formal literature.

Gujarati Digits:


Special Characters & Punctuation

Gujarati uses the danda (।) as the full stop and the double danda (॥) to mark the end of a verse or section. These marks are shared across Brahmic-script writing traditions including Hindi and Sanskrit.

The Gujarati Om (ૐ) is the sacred syllable used in religious contexts. The avagraha (ઽ) appears in Sanskrit loanwords. The Indian Rupee sign (₹) is used in all modern Gujarati financial writing.


Gujarati Barakhadi Chart (ગુજરાતી બારાખડી)

The Gujarati Barakhadi (ગુજરાતી બારાખડી) shows every combination of the 34 consonants with all 13 vowel forms — 442 syllables in total. Each cell is a standalone Gujarati syllable, the fundamental building block of Gujarati words. [3]

Read by row (consonant) and column (vowel): scroll right to see all 13 vowel forms. Mastering the Barakhadi is the traditional method of learning to read and write Gujarati fluently.

Consonant
(a)

(aa)

(i)

(ee)

(u)

(oo)

(ri)

(e)

(ai)

(o)

(au)
અં
(an)
અઃ
(ah)

k
કાકિકીકુકૂકૃકેકૈકોકૌકંકઃ

kh
ખાખિખીખુખૂખૃખેખૈખોખૌખંખઃ

g
ગાગિગીગુગૂગૃગેગૈગોગૌગંગઃ

gh
ઘાઘિઘીઘુઘૂઘૃઘેઘૈઘોઘૌઘંઘઃ

ng
ઙાઙિઙીઙુઙૂઙૃઙેઙૈઙોઙૌઙંઙઃ

ch
ચાચિચીચુચૂચૃચેચૈચોચૌચંચઃ

chh
છાછિછીછુછૂછૃછેછૈછોછૌછંછઃ

j
જાજિજીજુજૂજૃજેજૈજોજૌજંજઃ

jh
ઝાઝિઝીઝુઝૂઝૃઝેઝૈઝોઝૌઝંઝઃ

ny
ઞાઞિઞીઞુઞૂઞૃઞેઞૈઞોઞૌઞંઞઃ

t
ટાટિટીટુટૂટૃટેટૈટોટૌટંટઃ

th
ઠાઠિઠીઠુઠૂઠૃઠેઠૈઠોઠૌઠંઠઃ

d
ડાડિડીડુડૂડૃડેડૈડોડૌડંડઃ

dh
ઢાઢિઢીઢુઢૂઢૃઢેઢૈઢોઢૌઢંઢઃ

n
ણાણિણીણુણૂણૃણેણૈણોણૌણંણઃ

t
તાતિતીતુતૂતૃતેતૈતોતૌતંતઃ

th
થાથિથીથુથૂથૃથેથૈથોથૌથંથઃ

d
દાદિદીદુદૂદૃદેદૈદોદૌદંદઃ

dh
ધાધિધીધુધૂધૃધેધૈધોધૌધંધઃ

n
નાનિનીનુનૂનૃનેનૈનોનૌનંનઃ

p
પાપિપીપુપૂપૃપેપૈપોપૌપંપઃ

f
ફાફિફીફુફૂફૃફેફૈફોફૌફંફઃ

b
બાબિબીબુબૂબૃબેબૈબોબૌબંબઃ

bh
ભાભિભીભુભૂભૃભેભૈભોભૌભંભઃ

m
મામિમીમુમૂમૃમેમૈમોમૌમંમઃ

y
યાયિયીયુયૂયૃયેયૈયોયૌયંયઃ

r
રારિરીરુરૂરૃરેરૈરોરૌરંરઃ

l
લાલિલીલુલૂલૃલેલૈલોલૌલંલઃ

ll
ળાળિળીળુળૂળૃળેળૈળોળૌળંળઃ

v
વાવિવીવુવૂવૃવેવૈવોવૌવંવઃ

sh
શાશિશીશુશૂશૃશેશૈશોશૌશંશઃ

ssh
ષાષિષીષુષૂષૃષેષૈષોષૌષંષઃ

s
સાસિસીસુસૂસૃસેસૈસોસૌસંસઃ

h
હાહિહીહુહૂહૃહેહૈહોહૌહંહઃ

Gujarati Barakhadi with Pronunciation

The Roman pronunciation guide is shown below each Gujarati syllable. Use this table to learn how each of the 442 Barakhadi syllables is spoken aloud — matching the written Gujarati form to its English-friendly romanisation.

Each cell shows the Gujarati syllable on top and its plain Roman transliteration below. Scroll right to see all 13 vowel forms for each of the 34 consonants.

Consonant
(a)

(aa)

(i)

(ee)

(u)

(oo)

(ri)

(e)

(ai)

(o)

(au)
અં
(an)
અઃ
(ah)
kakaકાkaaકિkiકીkeeકુkuકૂkooકૃkriકેkeકૈkaiકોkoકૌkauકંkanકઃkah
khakhaખાkhaaખિkhiખીkheeખુkhuખૂkhooખૃkhriખેkheખૈkhaiખોkhoખૌkhauખંkhanખઃkhah
gagaગાgaaગિgiગીgeeગુguગૂgooગૃgriગેgeગૈgaiગોgoગૌgauગંganગઃgah
ghaghaઘાghaaઘિghiઘીgheeઘુghuઘૂghooઘૃghriઘેgheઘૈghaiઘોghoઘૌghauઘંghanઘઃghah
ngangaઙાngaaઙિngiઙીngeeઙુnguઙૂngooઙૃngriઙેngeઙૈngaiઙોngoઙૌngauઙંnganઙઃngah
chachaચાchaaચિchiચીcheeચુchuચૂchooચૃchriચેcheચૈchaiચોchoચૌchauચંchanચઃchah
chhachhaછાchhaaછિchhiછીchheeછુchhuછૂchhooછૃchhriછેchheછૈchhaiછોchhoછૌchhauછંchhanછઃchhah
jajaજાjaaજિjiજીjeeજુjuજૂjooજૃjriજેjeજૈjaiજોjoજૌjauજંjanજઃjah
jhajhaઝાjhaaઝિjhiઝીjheeઝુjhuઝૂjhooઝૃjhriઝેjheઝૈjhaiઝોjhoઝૌjhauઝંjhanઝઃjhah
nyanyaઞાnyaaઞિnyiઞીnyeeઞુnyuઞૂnyooઞૃnyriઞેnyeઞૈnyaiઞોnyoઞૌnyauઞંnyanઞઃnyah
tataટાtaaટિtiટીteeટુtuટૂtooટૃtriટેteટૈtaiટોtoટૌtauટંtanટઃtah
thathaઠાthaaઠિthiઠીtheeઠુthuઠૂthooઠૃthriઠેtheઠૈthaiઠોthoઠૌthauઠંthanઠઃthah
dadaડાdaaડિdiડીdeeડુduડૂdooડૃdriડેdeડૈdaiડોdoડૌdauડંdanડઃdah
dhadhaઢાdhaaઢિdhiઢીdheeઢુdhuઢૂdhooઢૃdhriઢેdheઢૈdhaiઢોdhoઢૌdhauઢંdhanઢઃdhah
nanaણાnaaણિniણીneeણુnuણૂnooણૃnriણેneણૈnaiણોnoણૌnauણંnanણઃnah
tataતાtaaતિtiતીteeતુtuતૂtooતૃtriતેteતૈtaiતોtoતૌtauતંtanતઃtah
thathaથાthaaથિthiથીtheeથુthuથૂthooથૃthriથેtheથૈthaiથોthoથૌthauથંthanથઃthah
dadaદાdaaદિdiદીdeeદુduદૂdooદૃdriદેdeદૈdaiદોdoદૌdauદંdanદઃdah
dhadhaધાdhaaધિdhiધીdheeધુdhuધૂdhooધૃdhriધેdheધૈdhaiધોdhoધૌdhauધંdhanધઃdhah
nanaનાnaaનિniનીneeનુnuનૂnooનૃnriનેneનૈnaiનોnoનૌnauનંnanનઃnah
papaપાpaaપિpiપીpeeપુpuપૂpooપૃpriપેpeપૈpaiપોpoપૌpauપંpanપઃpah
fafaફાfaaફિfiફીfeeફુfuફૂfooફૃfriફેfeફૈfaiફોfoફૌfauફંfanફઃfah
babaબાbaaબિbiબીbeeબુbuબૂbooબૃbriબેbeબૈbaiબોboબૌbauબંbanબઃbah
bhabhaભાbhaaભિbhiભીbheeભુbhuભૂbhooભૃbhriભેbheભૈbhaiભોbhoભૌbhauભંbhanભઃbhah
mamaમાmaaમિmiમીmeeમુmuમૂmooમૃmriમેmeમૈmaiમોmoમૌmauમંmanમઃmah
yayaયાyaaયિyiયીyeeયુyuયૂyooયૃyriયેyeયૈyaiયોyoયૌyauયંyanયઃyah
raraરાraaરિriરીreeરુruરૂrooરૃrriરેreરૈraiરોroરૌrauરંranરઃrah
lalaલાlaaલિliલીleeલુluલૂlooલૃlriલેleલૈlaiલોloલૌlauલંlanલઃlah
llallaળાllaaળિlliળીlleeળુlluળૂllooળૃllriળેlleળૈllaiળોlloળૌllauળંllanળઃllah
vavaવાvaaવિviવીveeવુvuવૂvooવૃvriવેveવૈvaiવોvoવૌvauવંvanવઃvah
shashaશાshaaશિshiશીsheeશુshuશૂshooશૃshriશેsheશૈshaiશોshoશૌshauશંshanશઃshah
sshasshaષાsshaaષિsshiષીssheeષુsshuષૂsshooષૃsshriષેssheષૈsshaiષોsshoષૌsshauષંsshanષઃsshah
sasaસાsaaસિsiસીseeસુsuસૂsooસૃsriસેseસૈsaiસોsoસૌsauસંsanસઃsah
hahaહાhaaહિhiહીheeહુhuહૂhooહૃhriહેheહૈhaiહોhoહૌhauહંhanહઃhah

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References:

  • [1] Hammarström, Harald et al. "Gujarati [guja1252]". Glottolog 5.1. Retrieved from Glottolog: Gujarati
  • [2] Unicode Consortium. "Gujarati Unicode Block (U+0A80–U+0AFF)". Unicode Standard. Retrieved from Unicode Gujarati Block Chart
  • [3] SIL International. "Gujarati — ISO 639-3 Language Code: guj". Retrieved from SIL ISO 639-3: guj
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Updated:


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