Alef — the first letter of the Sindhi Nastaliq alphabet; serves as a vowel carrier and represents a long vowel or glottal stop in initial position. Non-connecting letter.
Voiced bilabial stop, like "b" in "bed". Common in Sindhi native vocabulary; this is the standard bilabial stop of the Sindhi abjad.
Voiced bilabial implosive — a unique sound where air flows inward rather than outward. One of the letters distinctive to the Sindhi script not found in Urdu, Arabic, or Persian. Sindhi has a series of implosive consonants (ٻ، ڀ، ڃ، ڄ، ٽ، ڊ، ڏ) not found in most other languages.
Voiceless bilabial stop, like "p" in "pen". One of four letters added to Arabic script for Persian; used in Sindhi for both native and borrowed vocabulary.
Voiced bilabial aspirated stop — a "bh" sound with aspiration. A Sindhi-specific letter representing aspirated bilabial sounds in native vocabulary; part of the extended Sindhi script beyond Urdu.
Voiceless alveolar stop, like "t" in "top". Common in Sindhi native and borrowed vocabulary.
Voiceless alveolar aspirated stop — a "t" with aspiration. A Sindhi-specific letter for the aspirated alveolar stop found in Sindhi phonology.
Retroflex implosive stop — a retroflex sound produced with inward airflow. A Sindhi-specific letter unique to the extended Sindhi script.
Voiceless retroflex stop — a "t" pronounced with the tongue curled back. South Asian letter unique to Nastaliq; the retroflex series is characteristic of South Asian phonology.
Pronounced as the alveolar fricative in Sindhi and Urdu, merging with س. Used primarily in Arabic loanwords.
Voiced postalveolar affricate, like "j" in "jam". Common in Sindhi native and loanword vocabulary.
Voiced palatal implosive — an implosive sound at the palatal position. One of the Sindhi-specific implosive letters not found in Urdu, Arabic, or Persian scripts.
Voiceless postalveolar affricate, like "ch" in "chair". One of four letters unique to the Persian script; used frequently in Sindhi vocabulary.
Palatal nasal sound — a Sindhi-specific letter representing the palatal nasal. One of the letters unique to the extended Sindhi Nastaliq script.
In Sindhi, pronounced as plain h. The Classical Arabic pharyngeal quality is not maintained in Sindhi speech.
Voiceless velar fricative, like "ch" in Scottish "loch". Fully preserved in Sindhi; appears in native and loanword vocabulary.
Voiced alveolar stop, like "d" in "dog". Non-connecting letter; common in Sindhi native vocabulary.
Voiced alveolar aspirated stop — a "d" with aspiration. A Sindhi-specific letter for the aspirated alveolar voiced stop.
Retroflex implosive stop — a retroflex sound produced with inward airflow. A Sindhi-specific letter unique to the extended Sindhi Nastaliq script.
Voiced retroflex stop — a "d" pronounced with the tongue curled back. South Asian Nastaliq letter; the retroflex series is characteristic of South Asian languages.
Voiced retroflex aspirated stop — a retroflex "d" with aspiration. A Sindhi-specific letter for this complex retroflex aspirated sound unique to Sindhi.
Pronounced as the voiced alveolar fricative in Sindhi, merging with ز. Non-connecting letter retained in Arabic loanwords.
Alveolar trill or tap, like a rolled "r". Non-connecting letter; common in Sindhi native vocabulary.
Voiced retroflex trill or flap — a Sindhi-specific retroflex rhotic sound. One of the additional letters unique to the extended Sindhi Nastaliq script.
Voiced retroflex flap — a South Asian retroflex rhotic sound. Found in South Asian Nastaliq scripts; used in Sindhi for retroflex rhotic sounds.
Voiced alveolar fricative, like "z" in "zoo". Non-connecting letter; the standard sibilant in Sindhi.
Voiced postalveolar fricative, like "s" in "measure". One of four letters unique to Persian; used in Sindhi loanwords.
Voiceless alveolar fricative, like "s" in "sun". One of the most frequent consonants in Sindhi; the standard sibilant letter.
Voiceless postalveolar fricative, like "sh" in "ship". Fully preserved in Sindhi; common in native vocabulary and loanwords.
Emphatic letter in Classical Arabic; in Sindhi pronounced as the alveolar fricative, merging with س. Used in Arabic loanwords.
In Sindhi pronounced as the voiced alveolar fricative, merging with ز. An Arabic emphatic letter retained in loanword orthography.
Emphatic letter in Classical Arabic; in Sindhi pronounced as the alveolar stop, merging with ت. Used in Arabic loanwords.
In Sindhi pronounced as the voiced alveolar fricative, merging with ز. An Arabic emphatic letter retained in formal loanwords.
Voiced pharyngeal fricative in Classical Arabic; in Sindhi realised as a glottal stop or vowel onset. Common in Arabic loanwords.
Voiced uvular fricative — a deep throaty sound. Preserved in Sindhi phonology; appears in native vocabulary and Arabic/Persian loanwords.
Voiceless labiodental fricative, like "f" in "fun". Common in Sindhi in loanwords from Urdu, Persian, and Arabic.
Voiceless bilabial fricative or aspirated labial — a Sindhi-specific letter representing a sound unique to the Sindhi phonological system. Part of the extended Sindhi Nastaliq alphabet.
Uvular stop in formal speech. Common in Arabic and Persian loanwords in Sindhi.
Voiceless velar stop, like "k" in "key". One of the most frequent consonants in Sindhi native vocabulary.
Voiced velar stop, like "g" in "go". One of four letters unique to Persian; common in Sindhi native vocabulary.
Lateral approximant, like "l" in "land". Common in Sindhi native vocabulary and grammatical affixes.
Bilabial nasal, like "m" in "man". One of the most frequent consonants in Sindhi; appears in native vocabulary and morphology.
Alveolar nasal, like "n" in "no". Very common in Sindhi native vocabulary and grammatical affixes.
Voiced retroflex nasal — a nasal sound pronounced with the tongue curled back. A Sindhi-specific letter unique to the extended Sindhi Nastaliq alphabet; the retroflex nasal is a distinctive feature of Sindhi phonology.
Noon ghunna — a nasal vowel marker unique to South Asian Nastaliq scripts. Represents a nasalised vowel or syllable-final nasal in Sindhi; not present in standard Arabic or Persian.
Non-connecting letter representing the consonant w and the long vowel oo. Common in Sindhi native vocabulary; one of the most versatile letters in the Nastaliq abjad.
Gol he — the standard Sindhi/Nastaliq form of the letter h. Represents the glottal fricative as a consonant; also used as a vowel marker in word-final position.
Do chashmi he — an aspiration marker unique to South Asian Nastaliq scripts. Combines with preceding consonants to form aspirated sounds (e.g., بھ, پھ, تھ) common in Sindhi phonology, which has a full series of aspirated consonants.
Bari ye (big ye) — used in word-final position to represent a long "e" or "ae" vowel. Unique to the South Asian Nastaliq script; appears in Sindhi in word-final vowel positions.
The palatal glide "y" or long vowel "ee". In Nastaliq tradition, ی (choti ye) appears in word-initial and medial positions, while ے (bari ye) is used word-finally.
Hamza on ye — a letter representing a glottal stop or vowel onset in certain Sindhi word positions. Used in Sindhi for specific phonological contexts where a glottal element precedes or follows a vowel.
Sambhu Raj Singh ·